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16、ft —→ Satirist (讽刺大师) in the English language (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
—→ A modest Proposal (温和的建议) (来源:英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)
—→ Gulliver‘s Travels (格列佛游记) (来源:EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])
17、Fielding —→ Father of the English novel (英国现代小说之父) 第一个写小说的是乔叟 (来源:英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)
—→ 小说类型为:Modern novel (来源:英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)
—→ The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (一个弃儿的历史) (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
18、He was also the first person to approach the genre (类型) with a fully worked-out theory of the novel. (用小说理论进行创作的第一人) (来源:英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)
19、Goethe (歌德) —→ 德国文学第一人 (来源:英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)
—→ The Sorrows of Young Werther (少年维特的烦恼) 郭沫若翻译 (来源:英语麦当劳-英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)
—→ Faust (浮士德) (来源:英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
—→ Poetry and Truth (诗和真理) Autobiography (自传体) (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
20、Schiller (席勒) —→ He was a founder of modern German literature. 多产的作家 (来源:英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)
Schiller and Goethe are the chief representatives of German classicism
—→ The Robber (抢劫者) (来源:专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
—→ Cabal and Love (阴谋与爱情) (来源:EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])
—→ Wilhelm Tell (威廉如是说) (来源:英语麦当劳-英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)
21、Kant (康德) —→ Waterhead of modern philosophy (当代哲学的源头) (来源:EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])
nebular hypothesis (那不勒假说 or 星云假说) (来源:英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)
—→ General History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens (来源:最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)
(自然发展史和天体理论) nebular hypothesis在这部作品中提出 (来源:EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])
—→ Critique of Pure Reason (论纯粹的推理) (来源:英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)
rationalism with empiricism (把理论主义与经验主义融为一体)在上书中 (来源:最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)
human knowledge is limited to the phenomenal world. 局限于外部世界 (来源:专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
22、The Musical Enlightenment (音乐启蒙运动)名词解释 (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
By the beginning of the 18th century the art of creating music had become almost entirely (完全) rationalized (理性化)。 It came to its richest fruition (高潮) in the works of Bach (巴赫) and Handel (亨德尔)。 Bach and Handel represented a trend (趋势) towards greater regularity (规律性) of style in the clearly defined types and forms, in a series (系列) of standardized formulas (公式)。 (来源:英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
23、Bach (巴赫) (来源:英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)
—Bach created a synthetic art (人为艺术) which summarized (总结) all the developments of the Baroque era. (来源:英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)
—为 Haydn (海顿), Mozart, and Beethoven 打下基础的人是Bach (来源:英语麦当劳-英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)
—Schumann said, “Music owes as much to Bach as Christianity does to its Founder.” (来源:英语麦当劳-英语快餐EnglishCN.com)
(欧洲现代主义音乐的创始人) (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
24、Handel (亨德尔) (来源:英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)
—combination (结合) of the Italian traditions of solo (独奏为主) and instrumental style, the English choral (合唱) tradition. (来源:最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)
—→ Messiah (米赛亚)轻歌剧教会音乐 ☆ (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
25、The Baroque Period was followed by the Classical Period, roughly between 1750 and 1820. (来源:EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])
26、Classical Period 三大代表:Haydn (海顿), Mozart, and Beethoven. (来源:英语麦当劳-英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)
27、以上三位代表为:Viennese School (维也纳流派) (来源:EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])
28、Haydn (海顿) —→ Austrian (来源:英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)
—→ London symphonies (伦敦交响乐) 以交响乐为主 (来源:英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)
29、Mozart (莫扎特) 歌剧成就最高 英年早逝(文学上为:Keats) (来源:英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)
—→ Operas (歌剧) (来源:英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)
—→ Don Giovanni (唐璜) (来源:英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)
—→ The Marriage of Figaro (费加罗的婚礼) (来源:英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)
论述简答一、What is the historical context for the Enlightenment to develop? (来源:英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)
答: (来源:英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)
1、The American War of Independence (美国独立战争) of 1776 ended British colonial (殖民) rule over that country and got victory in 1783. (来源:英语麦当劳-英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)
☆ The Declaration of Independence (独立宣言) (来源:英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)
2、The French Revolution broke out in 1789. The seizure (占领) of the Bastille (巴士底狱)。 The first French Republic was born in 1792. (来源:英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)
☆ Declaration of the Rights of Man (人权宣言) (来源:英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
3、 The Industrial Revolution (工业革命) the 1760‘s — the 1830’s, beginning with the invention of the steam engine, rapidly (迅速的) changed the face of the world (世界的面貌), and ushered in a completely new age. (开创了一个崭新的时代)
二、What is the great significant of the Industrial Revolution? (只要问到工业革命就答这个) (来源:英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)
答: (来源:英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)
1、The introdution引入 of machines which reduced the need for hand labour in making goods. (来源:英语麦当劳-英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)
2、The substitution (替代) of steam power for water, wind, and animal power.
3、The change from manufacturing (手工作坊) in the home to the factory system. (来源:英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)
4、New and faster method of transportation (交通方式) on land and on water. (来源:英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)
5、The growth of modern capitalism and the working class. (两大阶级的对立) (来源:最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)
第七章 (来源:最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)
1、Romanticism名词解释Romanticism was a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Starting from the ideas of Rousseau in France and from the Storm and Stress movement (狂飙运动) in Germany. Romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations (灵感) above those of society. As a reaction (反应) to the industrial revolution (工业革命), it looked to (承上启下) the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature (与大自然的直接接触) for inspiration (灵感)。 Romanticism gave impetus (动力支持) to the national liberation movement (民族解放运动) in 19th century Europe. (来源:英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)
2、The literary and philosophical trend (倾向) in the Romantic philosophy was represented by Transcendentalism.(先验论) (来源:EnglishCN英语博客基地)
3、the theoretical (理论上的) groundwork (基础) for capitalism was Adam Smith‘s the wealth of Nations. (来源:英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)
4、Brotherhood最早由犬儒派提出,惠特曼的草叶集也提到5、French revolution with its slogans (口号) of liberty (自由), equality and universal brotherhood. (来源:英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)
6、Blake —→ Songs of Innocence (清白之歌) happy world (来源:英语麦当劳-英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)
—→ Songs of Experience (经验之歌) bitter world (苦涩) (来源:英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)
7、The Laker poets (The Lakers) (来源:英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)
① Wordsworth —→ Lyrical Ballads (抒情民谣) 与 Coleridge 合写
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