一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们复习现在完成时态, 同时也要学习一些医药方面的词汇.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

首先我们听一段对话, 内容是说凯特和亨利谈到医药保险的事情. 请你注意英 文老师的发音和语调.

F: Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.

M: Again? We have had two increases this year. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

F: Medical care has been so expensive lately. (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?

F: I sure do. The hospital bill for that was over three thousand dollars; and how much did the doctor charge us? (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

F: And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?

(来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.

现在我们来听英文老师用慢速度把对话再念一遍. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again. (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: Again? We have had two increases this year.

(来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

F: Medical care has been so expensive lately. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?

F: I sure do. The hospital bill for that was over three thousand dollars; and how much did the doctor charge us? (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.

F: And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he? (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

下面老师再把对话里的现在完成时态句子念一遍. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

F: The cost has increased again.

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: We have had two increases this year. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: Medical care has been so expensive lately. (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

二.现在完成式

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

从上面那些句子你可以听出来, 现在完成时态是用 has 或是 have加上动词的 过去分词构成的. 这种时态可以用来表示 "经验",比方 "我得过心脏病" I have had a heart attack 等等; 在问句里人们常常用 ever, e-v-e-r, ever 和现在完成时 态问别人从过去到现在是不是有过某种经验, 比方: "你输过血吗?" Have you ever had a blood transfusion?

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

下面我们作一组代换练习, 学学这类句子.练习的作法是由老师问你一个问题, 比方 "你检查过身体吗?" Have you ever had a health check-up? 接着老师念一 个字或词, 比方 "验血" a blood test, 你就把这个词代换到原来的句子里. 在作 练习的时候你可以学到不少跟医疗或疾病有关系的字或词, 比方 "手术" an operation, "X光" an x-ray, "癌症" cancer, "小儿麻痹" polio, "肺病" tuberculosis 等等. 现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句, 老师就把正确答案念一遍给你听. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: Have you ever had a health check-up? (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: a blood test (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

F: Have you ever had a blood test?

M: a blood transfusion

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: Have you ever had a blood transfusion?

M: an operation. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: Have you ever had an operation? (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: an x-ray (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Have you ever had an x-ray?

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: serious diseases (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Have you ever had serious diseases? (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: high blood pressure (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Have you ever had high blood pressure?

M: a heart attack (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: Have you ever had a heart attack? (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: cancer

(来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

F: Have you ever had cancer? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: polio (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

F: Have you ever had polio?

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: tuberculosis (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

F: Have you ever had tuberculosis? (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: medical treatment (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: Have you ever had medical treatment? (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: medical care

F: Have you ever had medical care?

刚才那些问题都可以换一个方式问, 比方护士问亨利: "你从来没有得过高血 压, 不是吗?" You have never had high blood pressure, have you? 就是一个例 子.下面我们作一组练习, 一方面复习时态, 一方面复习我们刚才学的新词汇. (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

请你注意听护士问亨利问题; 这些问题亨利都一一地作否定的答覆, 在亨利回 答的时候, 请你也一起回答. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: You have never had polio, have you? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: No, I've never had polio.

F: You have never had tuberculosis, have you? (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: No, I've never had tuberculosis.

F: You have never had high blood pressure, have you? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

M: No, I've never had high blood pressure. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: You have never had a heart attack, have you?

(来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

M: No, I've never had a heart attack. (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

F: You have never had cancer, have you? (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: No, I've never had cancer. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

F: You have never had serious diseases, have you? (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: No, I've never had serious diseases.

F: You have never had a long term illness, have you? (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: No, I've never had a long term illness.

(来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

下面我们作一组练习比较现在完成时态跟过去时态. 以前我们学过过去时态是 用来表示在过去一个特定时间发生的事情; 而现在完成时态用来表示到目前已 经发生的事情, 并不表明特定的时间. 在作下面这组练习的时候你会听到医生 用现在完成时态问凯特作过某些事情没有, 这些问题凯特都一一的作肯定的答 覆, 并且用过去时态补充说明事情发生的确定时间是 "上个月". 现在我们开始 作练习,在凯特回答问题的时候也请你一起回答: (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

M: You have had a health check-up lately, haven't you?

(来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, I have had a health check-up. I had it last month. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: You have had a blood test lately, haven't you? (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, I have had a blood test. I had it last month. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: You have had an x-ray lately, haven't you?

F: Yes, I have had an x-ray. I had it last month. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

M: You have had an operation lately, haven't you? (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, I have had an operation. I had it last month. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: You have had a blood transfusion lately, haven't you?

(来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

F: Yes, I have had a blood transfusion. I had it last month. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

下面一组练习还是比较过去时态和现在完成时态. 练习的内容是说到医学上 的成就. 首先你会听到男老师念一个被动语态的过去时态句子, 比方: "去年 有许多人住院." Many people were hospitalized last year. 接着女老师就用现 在完成时态把句子改成 "从那以后有更多人住院." More people have been hospitalized since then. 这组练习里有些词汇你可能不太熟, 比方 "实验" experiment, "技术" technique, "意外" accident, "避免" prevent, "成就" achievement 等等, 请你在听老师念句子的时候一面注意时态的变化, 一面 注意这些词汇. 现在我们开始. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: Many people were hospitalized last year.

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: More people have been hospitalized since then. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Many people were treated last year.

F: More people have been treated since then. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: Many people were saved last year. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: More people have been saved since then. (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: Medical experiments were done last year.

F: More medical experiments have been done since then. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: Modern techniques were learned last year.

(来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: More modern techniques have been learned since then.

(来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Some accidents were prevented last year. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: More accidents have been prevented since then.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: A lot of patients were cured last year. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: More patients have been cured since then. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: Several hospitals were built last year. (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

F: More hospitals have been built since then.

M: Medical achievements were made last year.

F: More medical achievements have been made since then. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

现在我们再来复习现在完成时态. 下面一组练习是由老师用疑问词提出被动 语态问句,接着老师念出一个词组,请你用老师给你的词组来回答问题. 每回 答一句就请你听老师念正确答案.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: What have been done?

M: medical experiments

(来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

F: Medical experiments have been done. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: What have been learned?

(来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: modern techniques (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

F: Modern techniques have been learned. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

M: What have been prevented?

M: some diseases (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Some diseases have been prevented. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: What have been built? (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

M: several hospitals

F: Several hospitals have been built. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: What have been made?

M: medical achievements (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: Medical achievements have been made. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

在今天这一课的对话里, 亨利和凯特谈到了去年彼得住院的事情. 下面这组代 换练习的内容就是说到彼得去年在医院的时候, 那家医院设备非常好, 他的医 药保险所包括的项目很周全等等. 练习的作法是老师先念一个句子, 接着老 师提出一个名词或是形容词, 请你把你所听到的代换到句子里适当的地方. 在 这一组练习里你可以学到一些有用的词汇,比方"医院设备"hospital equipment, "保险范围" insurance coverage, "保险费" insurance premium 等等. 现在我们开 始作练习, 每作完一句还是请你听老师念正确答案. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

M: The hospital equipment was excellent.

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: medical treatment (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: The medical treatment was excellent. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

M: insurance coverage (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: The insurance coverage was excellent. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: expensive

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: The insurance coverage was expensive.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: insurance policy

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: The insurance policy was expensive.

M: doctor's fee (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: The doctor's fee was expensive. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: hospital's bill (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: The hospital's bill was expensive. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: paid

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: The hospital's bill was paid.

(来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: last insurance premium

F: The last insurance premium was paid.

下面一组代换练习的内容是说目前医药费上涨了, 医生和医院费用, 甚至健康 保险费都提高了, 不过医院设施和医护人员也增加了. 请你在学生作代换练习 的时候也还是一起作.

M: Medical expenses have increased.

M: doctor's fees

F: Doctor's fees have increased. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: hospital charges

F: Hospital charges have increased. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: health insurance costs

F: Health insurance costs have increased. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: hospital facilities (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Hospital facilities have increased.

M: hospital employees

F: Hospital employees have increased.

(来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

三.听短文回答问题 (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

今天我们要听的文章说到美国的医学成就和医药保险. 比方美国很多私人公 司为员工设立了保健计划; 一般人也可以按月交保费给保险公司, 有大病的 时候医药费用由保险公司来负责.另外还有一些大的医疗机构 办的健康保险, 会员也是按月交保费, 有重病的时候就在医疗机构附设的医院治疗, 费用由 医疗机构负责. 至于年老贫困的人, 政府也有医药照顾计划.

(来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

现在请你注意听. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved.

American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities in the world.

But this degree of excellence has been expensive. Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is no national health plan for Americans. But there are many programs available for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into a fund.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

Other people have health insurance. They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money.

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and those with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

刚才那篇文章你都听懂了吗? 如果没有, 等一会儿你还有机会听. 现在老师先 把今天测验的三个问题念一遍.

(来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

第一个问题是:

M: What have American medical scientists done? (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

第二个问题是: (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: How do Americans pay for health costs? (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

第三个问题是:

(来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?

现在我们再听英文老师用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍, 请你特别注意刚才那三 个问题的答案. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved.

American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities in the world.

But this degree of excellence has been expensive. Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is no national health plan for Americans. But there are many programs available for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into a fund.

Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it.

(来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

Other people have health insurance. They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed.

In some medical plans, the insurance company is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money.

(来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and those with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance.

(来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

现在请你回答下面三个问题. 每回答一句就请你听老师念正确答案. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

第一个问题是:

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

M: What have American medical scientists done? (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: They have found cures and prevention for some diseases and they have learned about others.

第二个问题是: (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

M: How do Americans pay for health costs?

(来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: They pay with health plans and health insurance. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

第三个问题是: (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Older people, poor people and people with long term illness are helped.