一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里, 我们还是学习被动语态. 我们要把不同的动词用在不同时态的被 动语态句子里, 反覆练习. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

首先我们还是依照惯例听一段对话. 这段对话的内容是说亨利跟同事南希谈 到办公室的各种变动. 请你注意听两位英文老师的发音和语调. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: What's going on around here? All the offices were changed.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Haven't you heard? Where have you been, anyway?

M: I was sent to Chicago. I just got back.

F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Marta was transferred. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: Where is she now? Was she promoted? (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?

(来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

F: No, at least not yet. But I was given a new office.

(来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: It's very nice. Congratulations! (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

现在我们把整段对话再听一遍, 请你注意听. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: What's going on around here? All the offices were changed.

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: Haven't you heard? Where have you been, anyway? (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: I was sent to Chicago. I just got back. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Marta was transferred. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: Where is she now? Was she promoted? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown.

M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?

F: No, at least not yet. But I was given a new office. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

M: It's very nice. Congratulations!

下面我请老师把对话里的被动语态句子再念一遍给你听. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: All the offices were changed. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: I was sent to Chicago. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: A lot of changes were made last week. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Marta was transferred. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Was she promoted? (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

F: She was transferred to the main office downtown. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Were you promoted too? (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

F: I was given a new office.

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

二.被动语态 (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

听了上面那些句子, 你或许已经注意到每个句子都只是提到接受动作的对象 而没有提到这些动作的执行者, 比方我们不知道是谁把玛尔塔调走了, 是谁 给了南希一间新的办公室等等. 其实在英文里凡是不知道谁是动作执行者,或 者这点并不重要的时候就常常用被动语态来表达意思. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

下面我们作一组练习, 由男老师用 "某个人" someone 把刚才对话里的一些句 子用主动语态说出来,接着女老师把句子改成被动语态疑问句, 你听了问句之 后请你用被动语态作肯定的答覆. 首先我们举一个例子:

M: Someone changed all the offices.

F: Were all the offices changed?

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: Yes, all the offices were changed. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: Someone changed all the offices. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

F: Were all the offices changed?

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Yes, all the offices were changed.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: Someone sent Henry to Chicago. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Was Henry sent to Chicago?

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, Henry was sent to Chicago. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: Someone made a lot of changes.

F: Were a lot of changes made? (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, a lot of changes were made.

M: Someone transferred Marta. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

F: Was Marta transferred?

(来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, Marta was transferred.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

M: Someone promoted Marta. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: Was Marta promoted?

M: Yes, Marta was promoted.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: Someone gave Nancy a new office. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

F: Was Nancy given a new office? (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: Yes, Nancy was given a new office.

(来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

下面我们来复习不同时态的被动语态句子. 练习的作法是老师念一个过去式 被动语态句子, 接着老师念出一部份动词词组, 然后学生就把词组代换到句 子里形成另外一种时态, 学生作练习的时候请你注意听.

(来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

M: Several changes were made in the office. (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

M: have been

F: Several changes have been made in the office. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: will be

(来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Several changes will be made in the office.

M: can be (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Several changes can be made in the office.

(来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: should be

F: Several changes should be made in the office. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: need to be

F: Several changes need to be made in the office. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: are going to be

F: Several changes are going to be made in the office.

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: are being

F: Several changes are being made in the office.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

下面我们按照刚才那个练习的作法, 一方面复习被动语态, 一方面学习一些有 关办公室活动的词汇. 现在我们开始作练习, 请你在学生作练习的时候也一起 作. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Company policies were established.

M: have been

F: Company policies have been established.

M: need to be

F: Company policies need to be established.

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: will be (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: Company policies will be established.

M: The company policies were carried out.

M: are

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: The company policies are carried out.

M: are being

(来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: The company policies are being carried out. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: are going to be

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

F: The company policies are going to be carried out.

M: Office workers were supervised. (来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: should be

F: Office workers should be supervised. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: can be (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: Office workers can be supervised.

M: need to be

(来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Office workers need to be supervised.

M: Office employees were trained. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: are going to be

F: Office employees are going to be trained. (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: are being

(来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Office employees are being trained.

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: have been

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Office employees have been trained.

M: Education was emphasized. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: has been (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Education has been emphasized.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: is

F: Education is emphasized.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: needs to be

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

F: Education needs to be emphasized.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Business courses were offered. (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: will be (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

F: Business courses will be offered. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: are going to be (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Business courses are going to be offered. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: are being

F: Business courses are being offered.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: The graduates were placed in management jobs. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: should be

F: The graduates should be placed in management jobs. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: are being (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: The graduates are being placed in management jobs. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: are (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: The graduates are placed in management jobs. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: People with ability were selected.

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: will be

(来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: People with ability will be selected.

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: are (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: People with ability are selected. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: have been (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: People with ability have been selected.

M: A responsible worker was promoted.

(来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: should be (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

F: A responsible worker should be promoted.

M: is going to be

F: A responsible worker is going to be promoted.

M: has been

(来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: A responsible worker has been promoted.

三.BY和WITH (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

刚才我们复习了不同时态的被动语态句子, 也学习了一些新词汇. 现在我们练 习用介词 by, b-y, by加上名词来表明被动语态句子里的动作执行者, 比方有一 句话:Company policies are established by top managers. 这句话的意思就是: 公 司政策是由高级主管制订的. 下面我们作一组练习学学这类句子. 练习的作法 是由老师念我们刚才练习过的句子, 接着老师念出名词, 比方 "监督人员" supervisors. " 行政人员" administrators 等等. 请你用 by 和老师给你的名词说 出被动语态句子. 每作完一句就请你听正确答案. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Company policies are established.

M: top managers

F: Company policies are established by top managers. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: Company policies are carried out.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

M: company workers (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

F: Company policies are carried out by company workers.

M: Office workers are supervised. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: their supervisors (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: Office workers are supervised by their supervisors. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: Education is emphasized.

(来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: the government

(来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Education is emphasized by the government. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: People with ability are selected. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: administrators (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: People with ability are selected by administrators. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

在被动语态句子里, 用介词by可以表明人物, 可是一般来说用 with, w-i-t-h, with 可以表明东西, 比方 "商业区里到处是大公司总部." The business district is crowded with corporation headquarters. "大楼里到处是政府机关." The large office buildings are filled with government agencies. 这两个句子就是很好的例 子. 现在我们来作代换练习; 练习里的句子都是说到商业区到处是大楼, 银行 和百货商店等等. 首先由老师念一个句子, 接着老师念一个字或是一个词组, 请你把你听到的代换到原来的句子里. 每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: The business district is crowded with large office buildings. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: banks

F: The business district is crowded with banks.

M: corporation headquarters

F: The business district is crowded with corporation headquarters. (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: department stores

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: The business district is crowded with department stores.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

下面老师换了一个句子:

M: The large office buildings are filled with corporation headquarters. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: banks

F: The large office buildings are filled with banks. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: government agencies (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

F: The large office buildings are filled with government agencies. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: small companies

F: The large office buildings are filled with small companies. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

四.听短文回答问题 (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

首先我们来听一篇文章, 内容是说美国重视商业, 在美国城市商业区里大楼林 立, 一般办公室工作人员, 也就是所谓的 "白领阶级" 勤奋工作和进修的情况.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

文章里有许多被动语态句子,许多词汇也都是我们刚才练习过的.请你注意听, 等一会儿我们要根据文章问你几个问题. (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

现在开始. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

"The business of America is business." This was once said by an American president.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

The business district of an American city is crowded with large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters, and government agencies. Every weekday morning thousands of office workers enter these buildings and leave in the evening.

(来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

The men and women who do the office work are called white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and administrators are all white-collar workers. Many office workers work and hope that they will be promoted to more responsible positions. They want to supervise other workers and see that the company policies are carried out. These policies are established by the top managers. Sometimes office workers are transferred to other places. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

Nowadays, education is emphasized in the selection of men and women for management jobs. Courses in business administration are offered by many universities. The graduates of these courses often are placed in middle management jobs. From these, they can be promoted easily when they show the necessary personality and ability. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

刚才那篇文章你听懂了多少? 如果没有全部听懂, 没有关系, 等一会儿我们再 听英文老师用慢速度念一遍. 现在我们先来听今天测验的三个问题.

第一个问题是: (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

M: Who are the white-collar workers? (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

第二个问题是:

(来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: What does one find in the business district of an American city? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

第三个问题是:

M: How can one get a management job?

好, 现在我们再听老师用慢速度把文章念一遍. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

"The business of America is business." This was once said by an American president. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

The business district of an American city is crowded with large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters, and government agencies. Every weekday morning thousands of office workers enter these buildings and leave in the evening.

The men and women who do the office work are called white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and administrators are all white-collar workers. Many office workers work and hope that they will be promoted to more responsible positions. They want to supervise other workers and see that the company policies are carried out. These policies are established by the top managers. Sometimes office workers are transferred to other places. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

Nowadays, education is emphasized in the selection of men and women for management jobs. Courses in business administration are offered by many universities. The graduates of these courses often are placed in middle management jobs. From these, they can be promoted easily when they show the necessary personality and ability.

(来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

好, 现在请你回答下面三个问题. 每作完一句就请你听老师念正确答案看你答 对了没有.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

第一个问题是:

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: Who are the white-collar workers? (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

F: People who do office work are white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and adminstrators are all white-collar workers. (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

第二个问题是:

(来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: What does one find in the business district of an American city?

F: One finds large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters and government agencies.

第三个问题是: (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: How can one get a management job?

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

F: One should study business administration at a university.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)