一.本课要点及示例

在这一课里我们要复习现在完成式, 并且要学习两个时常跟现在完成式句子 一起用的连词, 一个是 since, s-i-n-c-e, since, 一个是 for, f-o-r, for. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

现在我们还是按照惯例, 先请英文老师念一段会话,请你听的时候特别注意两 位英文老师的发音和语调.

(来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Where have you been, Kate?

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: I've been at the garage for the last two hours.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

M: What happened? Did you have an accident?

(来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: No, nothing happened. But we haven't had the car checked since February. It's needed an oil change for a long time.

M: I know. Have you gotten the car back? (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

F: No. They've worked on it since four thirty, but they haven't finished it yet.

M: Well, when can we get it back? (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: I'll pick it up on Friday.

M: That's good. Then, we'll have it for the weekend.

现在我们再来听英文老师用慢速度把刚才亨利和凯特的对话念一遍.

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: Where have you been, Kate?

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

F: I've been at the garage for the last two hours. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

M: What happened? Did you have an accident? (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: No, nothing happened. But we haven't had the car checked since February. It's needed an oil change for a long time. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: I know. Have you gotten the car back? (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: No. They've worked on it since four thirty, but they haven't finished it yet. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

M: Well, when can we get it back?

(来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: I'll pick it up on Friday. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

M: That's good. Then, we'll have it for the weekend. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

下面我请英文老师把刚才那段对话里包含了今天要学的语法的句子再念一遍 给你听 (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

F: I've been at the garage for the last two hours.

F: We haven't had the car checked since February.

F: It's needed an oil change for a long time.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: They've worked on it since four thirty. (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

二.现在完成式复习

(来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

听完对话, 现在我们该作练习了. 首先我们来复习现在完成式.

(来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

下面这组练习的内容是说亨利从早上到现在已经作了什么事, 比方他已经到 过办公室, 已经写了一份报告, 已经见到了办公室打字员南希等等. 你先跟着 老师重复一个句子, 然后老师会提出一个新的词组, 请你把词组里的动词改成 过去分词, 代换到原来的句子里. 每作完一句老师会念出正确答案, 你自己作 个比较, 看你作对了没有. 现在开始. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: Henry has been in his office.

(来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: have a cup of coffee (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: Henry has had a cup of coffee. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: read today's newspaper (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: Henry has read today's newspaper.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: do some exercises (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Henry has done some exercises. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: write a report (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: Henry has written a report.

(来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: see Nancy

F: Henry has seen Nancy. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

下面一组练习是说凯特到修车厂买汽油, 顺便请人换机油的事情. 老师用慢速 度提出一些现在完成式问句, 请学生作肯定的答覆, 请你在学生回答的时候也 跟着回答.

(来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: Has Kate taken her car to the garage?

(来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, she has taken her car to the garage. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

M: Has Kate bought some gasoline there? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

F: Yes, she has bought some gasoline there.

M: Has Kate paid for the gasoline?

(来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

F: Yes, she has paid for the gasoline.

M: Has the gasoline been quite expensive recently? (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

F: Yes, it has been quite expensive recently.

M: Has the cost of gasoline increased?

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Yes, it has increased. (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: Has Kate's car needed an oil change for a long time? (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, it has needed an oil change for a long time. (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Has Kate waited in the garage? (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, she has waited in the garage. (来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

三.I've 和 She's

以前我们练习过把 have not 简缩为 haven't, 把 has not 简缩为 hasn't. 下面我 们来练习怎么样把代名词跟 have 或是 has 连起来说. 比方 I have 说成 I've, they have 说成 they've, she has 说成 she's 等等. 现在我们来作两组练习, 内 容都是亨利和凯特吃过晚饭之后话家常. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

第一组练习是亨利问凯特是否已经作了某些事情, 凯特用 I've 作肯定的答覆.

请你注意听亨利问问题, 并且跟凯特一起回答问题. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: Have you taken the car to the garage yet?

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Yes, I've taken it to the garage.

(来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: Have you been to the new supermarket yet?

(来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

F: Yes, I've been there. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Have you given Peter his weekly allowance?

F: Yes, I've given him his weekly allowance.

(来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: Have you sent the package to Jenny yet?

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

F: Yes, I've sent it to Jenny.

M: Have you heard about Linda's new boyfriend? (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

F: Yes, I've heard about him.

下面凯特问亨利一些有关亨利的同事南希的问题, 比方南希是否已经搬到郊 区, 是否已经决定结婚, 是否谈起到纽约渡蜜月的事情. 亨利用 she's 作肯定 的答覆. 请你注意听, 并且跟亨利一起回答. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

F: Has Nancy moved to the suburb yet?

M: Yes, she's moved to the suburb. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: Has Nancy bought a car yet?

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: Yes, she's bought a car.

F: Has Nancy gotten used to driving to work?

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, she's gotten used to it.

F: Has Nancy decided to get married? (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

M: Yes, she's decided to get married. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: Has she told you about going to New York for her honeymoon? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, she's told me about it. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

F: Has Nancy planned to come over for dinner next Saturday? (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

M: Yes, she's planned to come over. (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

四.SINCE 和 FOR

刚才我们复习了现在完成式,同时也学了一些新词,现在我们要学习两个连词, 也就是 since 跟 for 的用法. 这个两个字常常跟现在完成式句子一起用. since 表示 "自从一个特定的时间开始", for 表示 "时间持续了多久".

现在我们来听英文老师念一些句子, 比较这两个连词的用法.

(来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: Henry and Kate have been married since 1962. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: They have been married for a long time.

M: Henry and Kate have lived in Seattle since 1965.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

F: They have lived in Seattle for a long time. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: Henry has worked as a fireman since 1970. (来源：英语麦当劳－英语快餐EnglishCN.com)

F: He has worked as a fireman for many years. (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

下面这组练习是由老师问你一个问题, 然后, 他提出一个特定的时间请你用 since 跟这个特定的时间回答问题. 这些问题都是跟亨利作救火员有关系的. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

每作完一句就请你听正确答案.

M: Has Henry wanted to be a fireman?

M: He was a child. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

F: Henry has wanted to be a fireman since he was a child.

M: Has Henry worked as a fireman for a long time?

(来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

M: 1970

F: Henry has worked as a fireman since 1970.

M: Has Henry ever worked for the city government? (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

M: He got married. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

F: Henry has worked for the city government since he got married.

M: Has Henry been very busy with his job?

M: last month

F: Henry has been very busy with his job since last month. (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

在下面一组练习里老师问学生一些有关凯特当教员的问题, 每问一句, 老师就 提出一个指明时间长短的词组, 请学生用 for 跟这个词组来回答问题. 请你在 学生作练习的时候也一起作. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: How long has Kate been a teacher? (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: a long time (来源：英语学习门户网站EnglishCN.com)

F: She's been a teacher for a long time. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: How long has Kate taught in elementary school? (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: many years (来源：英语资料下载 http://download.englishcn.com)

F: Kate's taught in elementary school for many years.

M: How long has Kate taught this year?

M: 6 months (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

F: Kate's taught for six months this year. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

M: How long has Kate been in school today? (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

M: 4 hours

F: Kate's been in school for 4 hours today.

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

下面一个练习是由老师给你念一个现在完成式否定句, 接着老师提出一个表 明时间的词组, 请你把这个词组用进原来的句子里. 注意凡是指明特定的时间 你就必须用 since, 凡是说明时间长短的词组, 你就必须用 for. 每作完一句就 请你听老师念正确答案. 看你作对了没有.

M: Henry hasn't seen his cousin, Susan.

M: last year (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

F: Henry hasn't seen his cousin, Susan, since last year. (来源：英语美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

M: Henry hasn't written to his daughter, Jenny. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: two weeks

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语学习门户 EnglishCN.com)

F: Henry hasn't written to his daughter,Jenny,for two weeks. (来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

M: Henry hasn't eaten any meat.

M: last week

F: Henry hasn't eaten any meat since last week.

M: Kate hasn't heard from her sister.

M: April

(来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 EnglishCN.com)

F: Kate hasn't heard from her sister since April.

M: Kate hasn't taken a trip (来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: the year before last

F: Kate hasn't taken a trip since the year before last.

(来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: Kate hasn't bought any expensive clothes.

(来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

M: 10 months (来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

F: Kate hasn't bought any expensive clothes for 10 months.

(来源：专业英语学习网站 http://www.EnglishCN.com)

五.听短文回答问题

刚才那个练习你都作对了吗? 现在我们来作今天的听力测验.今天老师要念的 文章是说汽车在美国变得很普遍, 人们以汽车为主要交通工具, 上班, 上街, 去 旅行都要靠汽车. (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

现在请你注意听, 等一会儿老师会根据这段文章问你几个问题.

(来源：英语电影下载 http://bt.englishcn.com)

Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars.

(来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

The family car has been a common thing since the early 20th century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved outside of the large cities to the suburbs. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

Some Americans spend two hours a day or more in their cars going to work and home again. Cars have become the means of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations. (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

Americans used to like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, however, the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become more common.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought large numbers of Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.

刚才那段文章要是你没有全懂, 没有关系, 等一会儿我请英文老师再给你念 一遍. 现在我们先来听今天测验的三个问题. (来源：最老牌的英语学习网站 EnglishCN.com)

第一个问题是:

(来源：英语图片 http://photo.englishcn.com)

M: How long has the family car been a common thing in the United States? (来源：英语博客 http://space.englishcn.com)

第二个问题是:

M: How has the family car changed American life? (来源：英语麦当劳www.EnglishCN.com)

第三个问题是: (来源：英语论坛 http://bbs.englishcn.com)

M: Do Americans only buy American cars?

现在我们再听英文老师把刚才那段文章用慢速度念一遍.

Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. (来源：英语问答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

The family car has been a common thing since the early 20th century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved outside of the large cities to the suburbs.

(来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

Some Americans spend two hours a day or more in their cars going to work and home again. Cars have become the means of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

Americans used to like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, however, the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become more common. (来源：英语分类信息 http://fl.englishcn.com)

Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought large numbers of Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.

现在请你回答下面三个问题. 每回答一句就请你自己跟老师念的正确答案比 较一下, 看你答对了没有. (来源：英语聊天室 http://chat.EnglishCN.com)

第一个问题是:

M: How long has the family car been a common thing in the United States?

(来源：EnglishCN英语博客基地)

F: The family car has been a common thing in the United States for over 40 years.

第二个问题是:

(来源：英语交友 http://friends.englishcn.com)

M: How has the family car changed American life? (来源：英语e问e答 http://ask.englishcn.com)

F: Many Americans have moved to the suburbs. Cars have become the means of transportation for most Americans going to work, going shopping and going on vacations. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])

第三个问题是:

M: Do Americans only buy American cars? (来源：英语麦当劳－英语杂志 www.EnglishCN.com)

F: No, Americans have bought cars from Japan, Germany and several other countries. (来源：EnglishCN英语问答中心[e问e答])